POPULATION, AREA, BOUNDARIES, STRESSES, hydrography DEL PERU GENERAL INFORMATION
Surface: 1 250 000 km ².
Population: 29 000 000 hab.
Capital: Lima.
Density: 23.1 inhabitants per km ².
Official Language: Castilian, Aymara and Quechua
Other Languages: Indigenous languages.
Currency: is the new sun, and its symbol is S /.
Vaccines: If you plan to travel to the jungle it is advisable to get vaccinated against yellow fever 10 days before.
POPULATION:
Peru has about 29,000,000 inhabitants, which gives a population density of about 22.5 m / km ². Like many other Latin American countries, is ethnically diverse. It is not easy to determine the ethnic groups, the population increases each year by 402 thousand people, with an average annual growth rate of 1.53%. 72.2% of the population lives in urban areas and 27.8% in rural areas.
Also, the gender distribution in Peru, finds that 49.6% of the population is male, ie 13'362544 men and 50.4% are women, ie women 13'588456.
With all that life expectancy at birth rises to 70 years. Peru has not completed the demographic transition, but it is toothless in the cycle
The largest cities in Peru are:
* Lima, 7979965 h, Province of Callao
* Arequipa, 878,129 h, the province of Arequipa
* Trujillo, 788,911 h, province of La Libertad
* Chiclayo, 607,121 h, the province of Lambayeque
* Iquitos, 468,687 h, Loreto Province
* Huancayo, 398,986 h, Junín Province
* Pucallpa, 339,493 h, Ucayali Province
* Piura, 331,583 h, Piura province
* Chimbote, 324,231 h, the province of Ancash
* Cusco, 322,134 h, Cusco Province
* Tacna, 299,179 h, Tacna Province
* Juliaca, 267,169 h, Puno Province
* Ica, 261,690 h, the province of Ica
* Sullana, 162,171 h, Piura province
* Chincha Alta, 160,871 h, the province of Ica
* Huánaco, 154,957 h, province of Huanuco
* Ayacucho, 146,307 h, the province of Ayacucho
* Cajamarca, 139,473 h, the province of Cajamarca
* Tarapoto, 133,016 h, province of San Martín
* Puno, 120,879 h, Puno Province
* Tumbes, 115,883 h, Tumbes Province
* Talara, 101,674 h, Piura province
SURFACE
Peruvian territory has an area of 1'285216 km2 in coast live 52.1% of Peru's population in an area 10%, ie more than half of population, the Andean region is home to 36 9% and 11% of surface, while in the Amazon plains lived only 11% of the total population in an area of 62. % Of territory.
LIMITS
The Republic of Peru is an Andean State located in the central and western South America between 81 º 19 '35 "and 68 º 30' 11" west longitude 0 ° 01'48 "18 ° 21'05" south latitude. Bounded on the north by Ecuador, in an area of 1529Km border with Colombia, in 1506 km of border with Chile to the south, a distance of 169Km. border on the east by Brazil, in an area of 2822 km, and Bolivia, in an area of 1047 km of border, and west its shores are washed by the Pacific Ocean in an area of 3080 km
RELIEF:
In Peru there are three well-defined geographical environments: the coast, coastal strip from 80 to 150 km wide, the mountains, which is the Andean highlands, and jungle, which is a vast inhabited area in the Amazon low today.
The Peruvian Andes stretch from the border with Chile and Bolivia to the south to the border with Ecuador in the north. We distinguish the following sectors:
a) The Southern Andes and Southern Andes, between the borders of Peru and Bolivia and Vilcanota Knot, on the border of Puno and Cusco.
b) The central Andes, from the junction by Vilcanota southern and northern by Nudo de Pasco.
c) The Northern Andes, also called Northern, which extend from the Nudo de Pasco to the border with Ecuador.
Southern Andes consist of two chains: the West, also called Volcanic, which stretches between the departments of Tacna, Moquegua and Arequipa. This chain has many mountains and volcanoes, as Omat and Ubinas in Moquegua, Tacna and in the Tutupaca of Pichu Pichu, and Chachani Misti in Arequipa. The chain extends from the eastern border with Bolivia and Knot Vilcanota, Also known as the Cordillera Carabaya. Between the two chains stretches a plateau in the northwest part of which is the binational Lake Titicaca.
The Central Andes lie between nodes and Vilcanota Pasco, comprising three lines, the West, which takes different names depending on the place through which, the central range, with different names, and the eastern chain. The peaks are the most important and Coropuna Solimana (Arequipa), Sara (Ayacucho) and Monte Meiggs (Lima), corresponding to the western chain, in the Central Salcantay (Cusco) and Huaytapallana (Junín). Andalusia southern Pasco Knot runs plateau Blossom or Junín in the central part of which is Lake Chinchaycocha.
The Northern Andes are between the Nudo de Pasco and the border with Ecuador, consists of three chains: the West, with its peak the Yerupaja, splits into two ranges, the Blanca, east, with its peak snow perpetual, clicking, the country's highest (6768 m) and the Cordillera Negra, lower, which extends west of Ancash. Between the two ridges lies the famous Callejón de Huaylas, one of the most beautiful landscapes in the country. Network Central separates rivers Marañón and Huallaga and Eastern Chain loses height as it is close to Ecuador.
HYDROGRAPHY
It consists of two water systems, the Pacific and Atlantic, which joined the endorheic basin of Lake Titicaca.
The system consists of the Pacific basin by the rivers that drain into the Pacific Ocean, they are characterized by temporary flooding, usually in summer, and are short rivers that have their headwaters in the Andean region, many of these rivers remain dry for much part of the year. Rivers Saña, Ica, Piura, La Leche, Chincha and Mala have an irregular and sometimes years to get dry before reaching the Pacific. In this system the Tumbes is navigable, while the rivers Zarumilla, Chira, Santa, Ocoña, Reque, Jequetepeque, Chicama, Fortaleza, Pativilca, Huaura, Chancay, Chillón, Cañete and Camana during maintained a nearly constant flow, experiencing Notable floods between December and March.
Santa becomes the largest river, with a distance of 370 km. and with an annual three to five million cubic meters of water.
Another is the Rimac river, whose origin is in the Nevado de Ticlio above 5000 masl and its tributaries to the Santa Eulalia on his right and his left andalusia Yuracmayo or Rio Blanco. Rimac River forms a wide valley that sits in the urban concentration of Lima and Callao. In this watershed, using water Rimac and its tributaries are thirteen (13) hydropower plants, highlighting the Huinca, Barbablanca, Moyobamba Huampaní and Paul Boner, with a generation of 600,000 KW. / H.
The longest rivers in this basin are 535 km to the Tambo. And Colca-Majes Camana 450-km. Valley in which Arequipa is building the project Majes (irrigation).
The hydrographic system of the Atlantic coast rivers are flowing well which, through the territories of Bolivia and Brazil, providing water to the Atlantic Ocean by the Amazon River. These rivers are of great volume of water, mainly in their lower courses where the flows are increased by the rainfall of the Amazon plains. These rivers are long and deep bed, high speed and set in the Sierra and Selva Alta, while in the lowland rainforest they wander slowly and take the muddy color, product of the concentration of clay transported. Similarly, in its upper course these are narrow rivers and impressive gorges, and in its middle course, in their wake, are creating terraces, which have served for the settlement of populations, and in its lower reaches, ie Selva Baja or in full Omagua abound or oxbow lakes and meandering. Almost all rivers are navigable, being the most widely used of the Peruvian Selva. The Marañón, with 1,800 km. in length, is one of the most important. The Ucayali is formed from the confluence of the Tambo and Urubamba River with a length of 3000 km. Another important part of this river basin is born in the Huallaga Huascacocha lagoon on the eastern slopes of the Andes.
Finally, there is the Amazon River, which in Peruvian section has a length of 3714 km., Its basin covers 70% of the country, this is compounded by the Madre de Dios rivers and Putumayo.
The basin of Lake Titicaca endorheic consists of short lengths of rivers, but rivers of irregular regime, and record flooding in areas near the lake. Constitute the most important rivers of the basin Huancané, the Ramis, and the Coat Ilave, while the river water moves Desaguadero the lake into Lake Poopo in the southern Republic of Bolivia.
